When was peru made a country
The Incas disappeared as their cities were destroyed, and smallpox and other European diseases swept through the region, but they left behind their sublime stonework and architecture. The jaguar of Cuzco still rears its head, and Machu Picchu rises through the mists with the sun. Recent History Peru remained a Spanish colony through the next few centuries. Even as wars of independence rocked the rest of South America, Peru was a royalist stronghold.
It was the last country to gain its independence, in The fledgling country rocked between military rule and political infighting. Peru engaged in war with Chile in the War of the Pacific from , in which they were defeated.
Military coups, political turmoil, and radical reforms characterized the country for the next several decades. A period of stability settled under the presidency of Alberto Fujimori, but he was forced to resign in under accusations of human rights violations and corruption. The current president of Peru is Alejandro Toledo. The president designates the Prime Minister and other members of the Council of Ministers.
Peru employs the classic three branches of Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. However, it was a founding member of the Andean Community of Nations. Peru is an elected member of the U. N Security Council for Peru is a large country, and encompasses an array of dramatic landscapes.
A Peruvian tour may include high mountains, sandy beaches, and sweltering jungle. The long coast of Peru is studded with cliffs and hills, and there are some beautiful beaches on the northern end for travelers interested in surfing and sunbathing. The southern coast recedes into a desert, with stunning sand dunes in parts.
Peru is probably most well known for its Andean region. This impressive mountain system bisects the country from north to south. There are two parallel ranges, the Cordillera Occidental and the Cordillera Oriental. The Andes are at their widest on the Altiplano and at their highest on the peak of Huascaran, which reaches to a dizzying 22, ft.
Travelers to Peru looking for a mountaineering experience are well-accommodated here. The southern basin of the Andes along the Bolivian border cradles Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in the world. Active and dormant volcanoes are also found in this region. The northern part of the jungle is known as the selva alta, while the southern regions, with their river terraces and rolling plains, are called the selva baja.
The Peruvian rainforest is dense and remote, accessible in areas only by river. Past leadership regimes of the country have focused heavily on resource extraction, meaning that this precious region is under threat from logging, oil exploration, farming, chemical spraying against coca production, and mining.
There are several independent organizations at work to change unsustainable and dangerous practices, but the Peruvian government has yet to make a serious effort of their own. Although Peru is a signatory in the Convention in the International Trade of Endangered Species, the country is still experiencing problems in the illegal trade of these vulnerable animals.
According to the Convention, there are 10 critically endangered species, 28 endangered, and 99 vulnerable species in Peru. Some notable Peruvian organizations at work on these and other environmental issues, which may be able to provide more information, are the Peruvian Association for the Conservation of Nature, AymaraNet, Quechua Network, and the Peruvian Amazon Indian Network.
Travelers to Peru can take action by being aware of existing environmental problems and tailoring their explorations to be as eco-sensitive as possible. Peru has one of the greatest biodiversities in the world, due to the presence of such dramatic geographical features as the coast, Andes, and Amazon River. There are 53 protected areas in the country, the most stunning of which is Manu.
Although it is somewhat difficult to access only by air or river , it is the most biologically diverse area in the Peruvian Amazon and well worth a visit.
The Reserve is home to 13 species of monkeys, 1, bird species, different mammals, and an incredible array of butterflies.
Some animals the lucky traveler may see in the rainforest are howler, spider, and wooly monkeys, sloths, and armadillos.
Exotic mammals such as tapirs and peccaries a pig-like animal as well as more familiar ones like the river otter can also be found along the Amazon. Travelers count themselves lucky not to see the jaguars, pumas, and ocelots that roam the rainforest, or the caimans and great snakes.
The country is still trying to come to terms with the trauma of a two-decade conflict - roughly from to - between the state and leftist guerrilla groups, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement and the Shining Path, which still has a following.
President: Pedro Castillo. A left-wing primary school teacher with no experience of national politics, Pedro Castillo beat conservative candidate Keiko Fujimori in a very close content in On the campaign trail he pledged to carry out radical constitutional changes as well as economic policies for the benefit of the poor, but has since moderated his rhetoric.
Privately-run broadcasters and newspapers dominate the media scene. Lima is home to dozens of radio stations and several TV networks. Some key dates in Peru's history:. The two countries clash again in On the Pacific Coast, many interesting plant and animal species have adapted to the dry desert climate. And off the coast, the Peru Current nourishes huge numbers of small fish , which in turn support large populations of bigger fish and seabirds, including Humboldt penguins.
One plant that grows in the Andes, the puya raimondi, grows for a hundred years before blooming. Peru is a constitutional republic, with a president, a congress, and a supreme court. Peruvians are required to vote by law.
Presidents serve five-year terms and can only be elected twice in a row. Peru is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of natural resources. Gold, silver, copper, zinc, lead, and iron are found across the country, and there are reserves of oil and natural gas. Even so, jobs there can be very hard to find, and Peru remains one of the world's poorest countries.
Peru is a very old country. The earliest inhabitants arrived there about 15, years ago. Societies emerged on the west coast more than 5, years ago and began to spread inland. One of the most important Peruvian cultures was the Inca, who lived in Peru around years ago.
Their capital, Cusco, is still a major city today. The Inca also built Machu Picchu, a famous and mysterious ancient city in the Andes. They thrived for centuries before being conquered by the Spanish in All rights reserved.
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